LLHOST INC.: unmetered VPS and Dedicated servers in Europe and USA

[LLHOST]

All you should know about UPTIME.

We have mentioned uptime more than once in our publications. And since it is one of the keys when choosing a hosting, let's get into what uptime means, and why the quality of hosting directly depends on it.

Uptime is a measure of time an equipment, IT system, or device, has been working and available. It displays the time interval from startup to termination of server functionality for any of the reasons: an error, a reboot, an unplanned shutdown, etc.

Idle time of a system is called "downtime". This is the time interval during which the server is unavailable to users.

Server uptime is measured as a percentage of uptime to downtime.

The ideal uptime is 100%, which is impossible. Scheduled reboots or other preventive maintenance, as well as emergencies, are reflected in uptime rates. Short interruptions with the server are safe, because problems are diagnosed in an instant and immediately fixed by hoster. So, for example, 99% uptime says that your server will be unavailable for 15 minutes a day (8 hours a month), and 99.9% - 50 minutes a month. Uptime 98% is considered critical (see Free hosting: pitfalls guide). Your server will be unavailable 14 hours a month, which could cause serious problems for web project owners.

Low uptime affects search engine optimization especially. It pushes down in search results rankings, since indexing by search robots stops during downtime. Negative results demonstrate PPC ads, posted on the third-party advertising platform, if your resource cannot be achieved. Losses from low uptime affect not only progression of your project, but also earnings. If your resource operates with frequency of crashing, the user will appeal to another one.

Make sure your project is available for as much time as possible! Prevent your users from switching to competitors and increase the number of new ones. Choose high-quality and reliable hosting that will ensure the smooth running of your commercial project, as changing hosting to a more stable one will increase the rating of your resource.

LLHOST INC. guarantees the maximum server uptime to ensure the successful implementation of any projects. Our uptime rate is currently 99.9%. You can make sure of it when working with virtual (OVS) or VPN servers from LLHOST INC. And promo code #uptime will cut the cost of services by -14%. Apply it before September 2, 2022 to activate the discount for 3 monthly billing periods. Our specialists are always happy to help in our Telegram chat or Ticket system.

[LLHOST]

QA environment on a virtual server.

Virtual servers are used nowadays for a variety of tasks, not just in IT, but in many other fields. However, before we can enjoy a software product, an entire team is working on it.

QA is one of the important production stages, for which virtual server is an ideal environment. The virtual QA environment greatly reduces the time spent working on a project because of the following reasons:

1. On a virtual server, you can simultaneously deploy several versions of the same software product, each of which can be run on demand. In this case, you can create an unlimited number of users with certain access rights to server resources.
2. Testing environments deployed on virtual servers also prevent idle time of your own servers when there is no need to use them. All the virtual resources you need are at your disposal without loss of quality.

3. All virtual servers LLHOST INC. are configured with nested virtualization, allowing you to create isolated QA environments that you can easily set up to your needs.

4. Developers can work with the virtual environment without fear of damaging the QA engineer's one.

5. A QA environment on a virtual server is also necessary to calculate the consumption of selected resources without affecting its own capacities.

6. Temporary projects, which require diagnostics of software functionality only, are advisable to deploy in a testing environment, since they will not be used later.

Testing environments based on virtual servers will help speed up the product QA stage with minimal overhead. They can be deployed in the shortest time, being flexible in configurations.

Choose virtual servers (OVS) from LLHOST INC. to arrange a QA environment (and not only), as now we offer a discount of -11%! Apply the promo code #qa when ordering any LLHOST INC. OVS plan, valid til September 9, 2022, for an unlimited number of users.*

* The discount is valid for 3 periods of monthly billing cycle.

[LLHOST]

Dedicated IP address: what are the advantages?

Today we will talk about the IP address and the benefits of a dedicated IP for safe connection to the network through a VPN server.

So,
What is an IP address?
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique numerical address that identifies a device on the Internet or a local area network. It is regulated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).

There are two types of Internet addresses: IPv4 and IPv6.

What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
IPv4 address is used since 1981 as the most widely accepted. It consists of four numbers from 0 to 255 separated by a dot. Since there can be only 4.3 billion such combinations, and the number of devices with Internet access has passed the 29 billion mark (according to statistics from CISCO, one of the world's largest IT companies), a new type — IPv6 has been developed. It represents eight blocks of letters and numbers separated by colons. The number of such possible combinations is 2128 billion.

What is an IP address used for?
All devices connect to the network, with an Internet provider as their bridge. A simplified model of it looks like this: device → provider → Internet. Thanks to IP address, the provider performs data exchange upon users' request.

Data from every website is stored on the server. Every server has its own IP address on the worldwide network. Therefore, each website also has its own Internet address, or more, if we are talking about a large portal hosted on several servers.

There is no need to remember the IP address to access a specific resource. To do that, the Domain Name System, or DNS, was created. This technology enables the browser to find the IP address by name and upload the website (see our article What is a DNS server).

Is a VPN server hiding your IP address?
When you connect to a network via a VPN server, your original IP address is replaced by the IP address for the VPN server, which can be located anywhere in the world. Beyond privacy, VPN servers from LLHOST INC. help improve your online security, as well as protect Internet traffic, by encrypting the data transmitted from your device.

What kinds of IP addresses do exist?
According to the assignment method, there are static and dynamic IP addresses.

A static IP address is permanently assigned to the user. It does not change with each new connection to the network, being an identifier for a certain network node.

Dynamic IP is a temporary address that is assigned to the device throughout the session. Once connected to the network, the user receives one of the addresses available at that time. When connecting afterwards, the device is assigned another address among the available ones.

A dynamic IP is characterized by a slower download and upload speed than a static IP address (which is highly discouraged when using a VPN service), with the threat of disconnect, from deceleration to complete shutdown, associated with the assignment of a new free IP.

According to the type of location, IP addresses are divided into public and dedicated ones.

A public IP address allows multiple users to access the Internet with the same address.

Dedicated IP address is a unique IP address which is assigned solely to you. With a dedicated IP, all the benefits of a VPN server are available, such as the interaction of company branches, access to geo-restricted content, mail service protection against blocking due to suspected spam, and much more.

What are the benefits of a dedicated IP address?
Secure access to all accounts. Bank clients, online stores, social networks can block your account if you regularly change your IP addresses. Connect to the network through VPN servers from LLHOST INC. for secure transactions.

No security checks required. Website security services will be less likely to consider you a robot and offer to fill out a CAPTCHA.

Secure remote work. Connect securely to your working network from your home device and continue to operate anonymously with our No-logs Policy.

Exclusion from black lists of public IPs. The absence of "neighbors" who can violate the Terms of Use will prevent you from being denied access. Only you can build your reputation online.

Protection of IoT devices. Data and settings from home security cameras, smart doorbells and other IoT devices which may collect data will only be available to you, and the opportunity for unauthorized access is minimized.

What problems can a dedicated IP address solve?
• Blackmail services if your IP neighbors are spamming. It will also block the Inbox and Mailbox from your asset.
• Sanction blocking of an IP address if neighboring resources are recognized as forbidden and blocked by supervisory structures.
• A DDoS attack against one of the “neighbors” by IP address threatens all resources with a public Internet address.

Thus, a dedicated IP address will help avoid many problems caused by users' actions with the same IP.

Obtain a dedicated static IP address when connecting to VPN servers from LLHOST INC. in any available location. Use promo code #iptips to enjoy a -12% discount!
Secure your privacy online with complete encrypted connections with LLHOST INC.!

Offer terms:
1. The promotion is valid until September 16, 2022.
2. The discount can be applied for 3 monthly payment periods.
3. The promo code is active for an unlimited number of users.

[LLHOST]

What is the difference between a server and hosting?

Well, formally the term "hosting" is defined as "a service that runs servers connected to the Internet, allowing organizations and individuals to serve content or host services connected to the Internet". It is applied to all hosting services: from shared to dedicated servers.

In the informal communication environment, the meaning of "hosting" has become almost synonymous with shared hosting. In this article, we will cover it from an informal point of view. To do this, let's find out the essence of those services in order to have a clear understanding of the capabilities of your own resource.

It is known that absolutely all data on the Internet is stored on servers. Each server is a specially configured, powerful physical computer connected to the network 24/7. It can be fully managed by the user as a dedicated server (required for large organizations), or it can contain a certain number of virtual servers. This virtualization technology allows several virtual limited servers to run on one physical server. Each of the virtual servers is assigned a unique IP address. System files on such servers are completely isolated. This provides security at a sufficiently high level and protects against unauthorized access to user resources.

Virtual private servers are ideal for high-load resources and show stable performance, even if there is a technical failure on one of the neighboring virtual servers. You can configure the server by yourself, open and close ports, set a privacy policy, and more.

Complex managed hosting, such as hybrid (a combination of physical and virtual) can be applied to both dedicated and virtual servers, where the complexity of infrastructure deployment plays a key role.

Colocation provides just the Internet connection, constant power and climate control, and system administration is carried out by users.

Regarding the hosting, it is the service of providing disk space for hosting websites. All configurations are set up. Site management is implemented intuitive through the control panel’s user account. On the one hand, hosting is easy and simple to manage, and on the other hand, all resources are shared with “neighbors”, disk space and bandwidth are limited.

Although technical skills are required to set up a virtual server, this issue can be covered by any control panel that is convenient for you, which will set up your server for hosting.

In other words, hosting is a server with shared resources, configured to host and operate websites (with services already installed, such as control panel, mailbox, FTP, etc.). A virtual server, on the other hand, has dedicated resources and can be configured for any task (read more in our blog article
How to choose a VPS?).

Virtual servers from LLHOST INC. have a lot of advantages:
• Affordable price in the VPS market.
• Guaranteed allocated resources with no additional fees.
• Full access to all server resources.
• Set up flexibility: the ability to install any OP and software.
• Dedicated IP address.
• Projects of other users do not affect the performance of your server.
• Ability to link the required number of domains.
• The security of your server does not depend on "neighbors".

Put your commercial project in the best environment! Choose Virtual Server (OVS) from LLHOST INC. and enjoy a -13% discount for 3 months with a monthly billing period. For this, enter the promo code #sharedvsdedic in a special field when ordering any OVS plan from LLHOST INC. till September 23, 2022.

[LLHOST]

Happy Software Freedom Day!

Every year, Software Freedom Day is celebrated on the 3rd Saturday of September. It was initiated by the non-profit organization Software Freedom International. The idea of the celebration is to inform as many users as possible about free software opportunities.

What is free software? Free software (FOS) is software that allows users to run software for any purpose, redistribute copies of it, and explore, study, or modify the source code. The most popular FOS today are: GNU and Linux operating systems, Firefox web browser, LibreOffice and OpenOffice office suites, etc.

The Free Software Foundation was founded in 1983 by Richard Stallman, creator of the Unix-like free operating system GNU. He always highlights the word "free", accenting that "the real goal of such software is freedom."

For the first time, Software Freedom Day was celebrated in 2004. 12 teams of volunteers participated in the event organization. They talked about the advantages of using free software in every sphere of life, with an idea to learn and share what they learned with others. Today, the geography of this event reaches about 100 countries.

Initially, the holiday was held on August 28, but in 2006 it was replaced by the third Saturday in September. Every year, participating teams from around the world celebrate Software Freedom Day at the regional level. Local organizers choose the format of the event. So they may differ from region to region. Conferences, seminars, cultural and educational meetings, exhibitions have become traditional activities. Celebrations may also contain master classes, demonstrations, games, discussions, Instalfests, during which experts will help you install and learn the FOS.

LLHOST INC. as well as Digital Freedom Foundation supports the distribution of educational content, including free software. Therefore, on Software Freedom Day, we are happy to keep the traditions of the holiday. Starting today and for two weeks (until September 30, 2022), our pleasure is to offer all our subscribers an -11% discount on all virtual (OVS) or VPN servers from LLHOST INC., which is valid for three months! How to get it, you may ask? It's simple: enter the promo code #softwarefreedomday in a special field when ordering any plan, and the discount will be applied automatically.

Celebrate Software Freedom Day with LLHOST INC.!

[LLHOST]

All about Remote Desktop.

Have you ever been in a situation where you needed files or programs from a computer that is currently at home or at work? Or the project you are working on was not available while you were in a business trip? All this can be avoided if you have a Remote Desktop. It allows you to connect to your work or personal computer from anywhere in the world and access the files stored on it, or remotely share the screen with friends and colleagues as if you were sitting right in front of it.

Remote Desktop is a technology that allows you to control a PC or server remotely via the Internet. The connection is implemented by assignment of the administrative rights of your device to be managed by others. The ability to connect from almost any device, be it a PC or laptop, tablet or smartphone, is available due to the fact that the remote server takes the entire workload. You do not overload your device with running processes, but simply get an image from the server screen and freely manage its system.

Remote desktop on a virtual server is necessary for both private use and business. So you have a connection to your home computer at any time and access to your files and soft anywhere. And if you have to work with resource-intensive soft such like video editing, 3D modeling programs or run a video game that your home PC cannot keep up, Remote Desktop can help solve this problem.

For any company, both large corporations and small businesses, it is a great opportunity to organize a remote workplace, allowing you to work from anywhere in the world, having access to corporate software on your work computer and work files. At the same time, all documentation is stored on one server, and access to it does not depend on the presence of the employee in charge in the office. You can perform all actions on a remote device: change software settings, share files, encrypt transferred data, hold conferences, connect webcams, remote projectors and other network devices. It is very important that you have possibility to assign employees access to certain folders.

There are two options for organizing remote access:
• Special programs that connect two workstations via the Internet. In this case, constant access to power and the Internet are essential.
• Server rental, in which operational activities are performed on a remote server of the hosting service provider (therefore, the requirements for your devices are minimal), and it is accessed via the Internet.

A remote desktop deployed on a virtual server has increased protection, while special programs, both free and with a purchased license, have an increased threat of hacking and unauthorized access to the local network.

Now let's talk more about the areas in which remote desktop on a virtual server has a distinct advantage:

Accounting.
It is well-known that the database should be stored within the company, not at an accountant's home. If you have ever lost your ledgers, or broke the contract with an accountant, then you understand how important is it. With a virtual server, you will always have access to accounting files.

Bank-clients.
For security purposes, some bank clients are linked to the certain IP address and can only be accessed from one device. Virtual servers from LLHOST INC. have dedicated static IP address, which means that your bank account is always available for operations.

Electronic archives.
Remote desktop for the documents' archives contributes to the centralized storage of huge amounts of information. It is great for monitoring, statistics and data management.

Exchange trading.
To keep the network delay to a minimum, the server with bots that buy and sell assets should be located closer to the data centers. For example, LLHOST INC. has a data center in Amsterdam. You connect to the remote desktop from your location, and the bots trade directly from Amsterdam.

Alternative OS.
Some tasks or software may require a different operating system than installed on your device. Virtual servers from LLHOST INC. are the easiest way to deploy it.

System administration.
To system administrators, in order to manage the system and quickly troubleshoot malfunctions, remote access is a must.

Educational platforms.
Distance education is widespread today. Remote desktop technology is actively used by modern educational platforms for remotely students' access.

Personal gaming server.
If you want to set up a server to play online with friends, remote desktop can help in that.

VPN as a Bonus.
You can also deploy your own VPN server based on a virtual server from LLHOST INC. which will be a nice bonus for you.

Remote Desktop is an essential technical tool in almost any area of life. It finds its application for both private and business use, being effective and secure.

So, today we offer you a -14% discount on any LLHOST INC. virtual server (OVS) plan for three months with the #remote promo code, valid until October 7, 2022. A remote desktop based on OVS from LLHOST INC. is the best prompt solution to boost the PC performance without any substantial investments.

[LLHOST]

12 proofs you need a VPN.

Talking about VPN, privacy and data security is always in focus. We covered this topic in the articles Who is following us on the Internet? and Beware: Spy Apps! This is really important, because information such as IP addresses, proxies, provider, etc. can be intercepted if they are sent over an insecure network. It is the VPN that creates a private encrypted tunnel between the two networks, which protects all your data.

However, there are many other uses for VPN that you may not even have heard of. Today we will talk about 12 of them:

1. Access to blocked resources.
In many countries of the world, several social networks are subject to censorship and blocking. For example, Facebook and Twitter are blocked in Algeria to prevent students from using them to get answers during exams. However, the blockage affects every user in the country. A VPN will help you bypass regional blocks of resources that are not available in your country.

2. High speed of media resources.
A VPN is your trusted companion for avoiding ISP (Internet service providers) speed limits on streaming media platforms like YouTube. In other words, a VPN will allow you to watch videos or movies across multiple platforms without annoying disconnects, buffers, or other barriers.

3. International libraries and streaming TV.
Streaming platforms like Netflix have different content in different countries. This may be due to copyright or censorship laws, as well as licensing agreements and price discrimination practices where the cost is different for one viewer or provider than it is for another. A VPN will allow you to access libraries that are not available in your area, as well as watch original programs from almost all TV channels in the world absolutely free of charge, bypassing geo-restrictions.

4. Change of location.
If, for whatever reason, you wish to hide your site from others, like employees or employers, a VPN will come to your rescue. For this, a server at the desired location will suffice.

5. Online gaming without speed limits.
Game developers often use BitTorrent for updates and fixed bugs. Such traffic significantly increases the load on the network, so it is "throttled" (intentionally slowed down) by Internet service providers to minimize bandwidth congestion. Using a VPN will help prevent those limitations.

6. Shopping in foreign online stores.
According to InternetRetailer.com, 24% of online shoppers purchase goods on foreign marketplaces daily. By using a VPN, you can avoid the challenges on different financial systems and make your shopping experience more enjoyable.

7. Anti-eavesdropping.
We have already highlighted the threats of public Wi-Fi. Since such connections are not encrypted and not protected, the risk of being eavesdropped is quite high, which you can check by all the permissions of installed applications. Even legitimate apps that let you control your kids or your employees' activities are vulnerable to attackers. VPN not only masks the route of your Internet traffic, but also encrypts your data, hiding your presence on the network.

8. Voice over IP (VoIP) calls.
Using a VPN for VoIP calls can make your connection safe from a country where the Internet is strictly monitored or blocked. It is also a means to save money on VoIP calls. The cost of this type of connection depends on where you are, and switching your IP address to a server address may help you access cheaper rates.

9. Safe connection to any Wi-Fi hotspot.
All Wi-Fi connections are highly vulnerable and are considered weak when it comes to IT security (see paragraph 7). Keep in mind that a VPN helps you connect to any Wi-Fi network safely.

10. Booking of air tickets and other services.
Many airlines and service providers may have different data collection methods that are used to generate service charges based on your location. Just like in the case of VoIP, a VPN will help you get a better price and, in addition, get rid of the annoying follow-up ads.

11. Marketing research on competitors.
It is known that each visit to a website is registered automatically. You can be identified by this digital footprint. In this case, a VPN will help you stay incognito. That is especially important when you are researching a competitor and anonymity is crucial.

12. The "Watch list".
Traffic, especially illegal, is carefully monitored by international security agencies, such as MPAA (Motion Picture Association) in the US or GPC (Government Communications Center) in the UK. Identified offenders are recorded under the so-called "Watch list". A VPN allows you to download and share files without risk of being included into one of these lists.

Those are just 12 reasons that prove the benefits of using a VPN. Highly secure encryption, IP masking, the ability to connect two devices at the same time, multilingual support - all this is about VPN servers from LLHOST INC. Take the chance to connect the service with an -11% discount for 3 months! Use the promo code #givemevpn when choosing any VPN plan from LLHOST INC. until October 14, 2022. Let your every connection to the network be as safe as possible!

[LLHOST]

HDD vs SSD. Which is better?

When selecting a server, processor specifications and storage capacity are regarded as key factors. In any case, the function of a storage for a server differs from that of your PC as every server must store a great amount of data with 24/7 access. Thus, the main characteristics are:
• high performance,
• minimal response time,
• safety of data and possibility to recover it.

Modern storage media are represented by HDD (Hard Disk Drive) and SSD (Solid-State Drive). What is that? What are the differences between HDD and SSD? What kind of storage to choose? The answers to these and many other questions can be found in our today's article.

So what are HDD and SSD?

HDD (Hard Disk Drive) is a storage device based on magnetic recording technology. Reading and writing data from a hard disk is performed by the sensing head located above a rotating magnetic plate (similar to the phonograph). It was invented by IBM (International Business Machines) in 1956 and immediately became a very popular type of storage, decreasing in size and increasing in capacity over time.

SSD (Solid-State Drive) is a type of storage that uses electronic circuits to store data instead of moving parts. The operating principle is based on semi-conductors that change the electrical condition of the trillions of circuits contained in the drive. They have no moving parts, which helps to avoid problems with data loss or disk damage (similar to a USB flash drive).

Both HDD and SSD are similar in their physical features, but they have totally different ways to store and recover data. However, both technologies come with their advantages and disadvantages. Let's talk about the most obvious facts.

HDD’s speed is very low.
Speed ​​is the main difference between an SSD and HDD, when servers have to perform multiple IO operations (Input-Output), and information is not distributed sequentially. The speed of an SSD is not mechanically limited, so it works better with random IO processes and reading or writing random information.

SSD loses in terms of storage capacity.
This is a major factor if you need a dedicated server for storing large-capacity data. One HDD can hold up to 16 TB. Although it is possible to increase the amount of memory with any storage device nowadays, the price-to-power ratio becomes the only difference.

HDD is vulnerable to many external influences.
This could be caused by sunlight exposure or high temperatures, fluids, dust, or sensitivity to other magnetic fields. Mobile parts of a hard drive may be damaged at any time and cause data loss. The architecture of the SSD makes it mechanically more reliable than a hard drive because it can withstand vibrations or shocks that are fatal to an HDD.

SSD has a limited number of write cycles.
Although SSD has a limited life-time determined by the number of write cycles, you should not worry about the data safety. SSD assets and smart planning can handle massive quantities of written data. For example, the controller evenly distributes data across all SSD sectors, levelling out its mechanical wear. Also, non-volatile flash memory cells used instead of RAM maintain their conditions when the power is switched off.

What storage type is worthy to select?
Of the two options, it is impossible to identify the winner, and there cannot be any clear answer to this question. Both technologies are relevant today, and the choice between them depends on the operations performed on the server. On some, the data are written more frequently than read, on others, inverses. So, video hosting basically requires data reading, logging systems, video surveillance or backup - recording, corporate information systems - both reading and writing. That's why HDD servers are suitable for long-term storage of data with a constant low load. But in case you need a server for quickly dealing with all the tasks under a heavy load, then an SSD is a must.

The storage of all LLHOST INC. Virtual Servers (OVS) is based on a fast SSD, which has an advantage in terms of speed and response time compared to the HDD. They can easily perform a wide range of operational tasks that require fast loading, such as 1C, web development, 3D graphics and animation, audio and video editing, etc. Also, you have the opportunity to get a -13% discount on any virtual server (OVS) plan using the promo code #needforspeed until October 21, 2022.*

With virtual servers (OVS) from LLHOST INC. the time for searching and reading data tends to zero!

* The discount is valid for the 3-month period of the monthly billing cycle.

[LLHOST]

Data Centers and information security.

Data security has always been and continues to be an LLHOST INC priority. This subject is always relevant when choosing a hosting provider, since you entrust your confidential information and want to make sure that it is protected safely. Is it real?

Now imagine the scene: a typical computer genius attempts to obtain confidential or classified information in a secret hideout. All manipulations performed on the laptop are commented as: "Getting around the firewall and accessing the data center." This is the moment when any technician sighs loudly at this blockbuster. And all of us starts thinking seriously about the safety of personal data if, according to the movie script, anyone can access it in seconds.

Now first things first.

A Data Center is a special room (or building) in which powerful computing resources are concentrated: servers and data storage systems. Their main functions are: storage, processing and transmission of the information. In addition to server and network equipment, each data center is equipped with engineering systems, security and monitoring systems that ensure efficient operation and protection of the entire complex. Also, any data center provides secure communication channels through which data is exchanged.

How exactly do Data Centers protect personal information?

Protection of engineering components.
There are thousands of servers in Data Centers, and all of them are monitored day and night by a “smart” control system: from air conditioning to resource consumption. Each server is equipped with its own power supply, and the entire data center with a backup power supply system. It continues to operate normally even if power is lost.

Premises protection.
Each data center has its own range of security protocols. The highest security level is intended for military and financial organizations of special importance.

Data centers used by LLHOST INC. are 24/7 under video surveillance. They are protected by multi-level access control and biometrics scanning. Each server rack is also under lock. These security measures, combined with the physical presence of security personnel, ensure that the data center as well as personal data is protected 24/7.

Protection of data transmission channels.
Nearly 50% of data centers experience DDoS attacks every year. The most frequent are threats of hacking, theft or deletion of data stored on servers. Our networks have both firewall protection and threat detection systems to help mitigate and prevent DDoS attacks. Information protection is achieved thanks to means of detection and elimination of the malicious code, as well as traffic redistribution to other nodes. You can be sure that your data is strongly protected at any LLHOST INC. data center.

Protection from external factors.
As was mentioned before, data centers are usually protected by high-tech security measures to ensure maximum physical security of personal data. For example, each data center used by LLHOST INC. is equipped with the latest fire extinguishing and smoke detection systems. Their intelligent system is activated independently in case of any smoke. Additional protection against external threats such as natural disasters is provided by security rooms and safes, where server equipment is reliably protected from any threatening factors. The choice of the location of data processing centers is not accidental, these are the safest corners of the world, although distant, but in proximity to the Internet exchange ports in order to maintain a high connection speed.

You can be confident that LLHOST INC. is making every effort to keep your data safe and sound. So, the promo code #safeandsound guarantees a -14% discount on all virtual server (OVS) plans from LLHOST INC.

Terms of the discount:
• is available for any virtual servers (OVS) plan.
• can be applied for 3 periods of monthly billing cycle.
• is valid until October 28, 2022.
• is active for an unlimited number of users.

[LLHOST]

HTTP error codes.

Every Internet user at least once stumbled upon errors that are displayed when trying to access a website. Technically, it works like this: the server accepts requests from the user via a browser (or a client), processes information and gives the answer in the form of a numeric code that indicates the response status.

HTTP status codes are standardized three-digit codes that a web server returns in response to HTTP requests from network clients. The first digit indicates the status class. Currently, there are five classes of status response codes (depending on which you need to take certain actions):
1. Informational (100–199).
2. Successful (200–299).
3. Redirection (300–399).
4. Client error (400–499).
5. Server error (500–599).

Successful and Informational server responses remain invisible for us, while codes referring to a request processing error are displayed on the screen. In this article, we will analyze the main standard types of errors and the possible causes of their occurrence.

4** Client error response (400-499).
HTTP status codes 400-499 indicate an error on the client side of the browser. For example, a request for a non-existent page or lack of valid authentication information. Also, it may be incorrect settings of the web server, site scripts, etc.

Error 400. Bad Request.
Indicates that the request cannot be understood by the server, as it was not made correctly. An invalid URL may have been specified, or a technical failure occurred while transferring data for one of the following reasons:
- unstable Internet connection;
- blocking data transfer by antivirus or firewall;
- browser attempting to download a file that is too large;
- corrupt or expired cookies.

Error 401. Unauthorized.
This code means that authentication is required to access the resource. The login and password were not included in the server's request.

Error 403. Forbidden.
The server cannot fulfill the request due to access restrictions on the resource. In other words, restrictions were imposed by the server administrator or developers. Reasons may be an attempt to access web server system resources such as .htaccess or .htpasswd files, or from a blocked IP address.

Error 404. Not Found.
It is the most common error code. The server cannot find the file or page. The reason may be:
- wrong page address;
- the page has been moved or deleted;
- technical failure due to which the page is temporarily unavailable.
The 404 error code is also used to hide the real reason for refusing to process a request. For security reasons, a 403 error can be disguised as a 404 error.

Error 405. Method Not Allowed.
For each type of operation (download, data transfer), the HTTP protocol requires its own method: GET, POST, and others. This error means that the method defined in the Request-Line cannot be applied to the current resource. It can be displayed, for example, when trying to process files using the POST method instead of the Apache server, or when the interaction between the POST method and the FastCGI module is incorrectly configured.

Error 406. Not Acceptable.
It is a quite rare error that means "the server issues information in a form that the browser or crawler cannot recognize due to data compression or an unsupported format".

Error 407. Proxy Authentication Required.
The error is similar to code 401. The only difference is the authentication is required for the proxy server. As usually, the answer contains recommendations for its fixing.

Error 408. Request timed out.
It means that server timed out for transmission from client. It occurs when large sized files are being transferred, or there is a temporary loss of Internet connectivity, or the server is temporarily overloaded. You can solve this error simply by reloading the page, as well as checking the Internet connection or visit the resource later.

Error 409. Conflict.
Indicates a conflict between the request and the server configuration. Possible reasons:
- conflict with proxies through which the server is accessed;
- access conflict between files on the server itself;
- virus software on the user's device;
- failures in the browser.

Error 410. Gone.
It is similar to a 404 error: The requested page or document is not available. However, a 410 error is displayed when the requested resource has been irreversibly deleted.

Error 411. Length required.
When files are transferred by certain methods and the amount of transferred data is limited, the server refuses to accept a request without a Content-Length header.

Error 412. Precondition failed.
This error means that a precondition processing failure or error was encountered while checking one or more request header fields. To fix the error, it is usually enough to clear the cache and cookies.

Error 413. Request Entity Too Large.
It is displayed when the request is larger than the web server can handle, such as when a file is too large to download. To eliminate it is recommended:
- to compress an image or video before uploading to decrease file size;
- do not upload multiple files at the same time;
- to allow the large file size by changing the settings of the web server that are referred to downloading.

Error 414. Request-URI Too Long.
The server is rejecting the request because the specified URI is too long. This error can occur when the CMS code is configured incorrectly. In the administration panel, each time you go from page to page, data with parameters is added to the URL until the link exceeds the limit. Also, the frequency of displaying error 414 may indicate hacking attempts.

Error 415. Unsupported Media Type.
The server refuses to process a request with the specified data type because the request body has an unsupported format.

Error 416. Range Not Satisfiable.
The server cannot process the request because the Range field in the request header is specified by a range outside the resource.

Error 417. Expectation Failed.
The server for some reason cannot satisfy the value of the requested Expect field header and refuses to process the request.

Error 422. Unprocessable Entity.
This error indicates that the server cannot perform the request because one or more elements may have a logical error.

Error 423. Locked.
The server is refusing to process the request as one of the required resources is blocked to apply this specified method.

Error 424. Failed Dependency.
This error occurs when the server's implementation of the current request depends on another operation that cannot be performed.

Error 426. Upgrade Required.
The server requested to update the connection protocol, but SSL is not supported by the client.

Error 429. Too Many Requests.
Indicates that the user has sent too many requests in a given amount of time. As usually, the response indicates how long to wait before making a new request. It can also point to an attempted DDoS attack.

Error 451. Unavailable For Legal Reasons.
Means that access to the resource was closed for legal reasons. This may be the requirement of public authorities or copyright holders in copyright infringement cases.

Error 499. Client Closed Request.
This is a non-standard code for cases where the client closed the connection without waiting for a response to his request.

5** Server error responses (500–599).
These codes are referred to the errors on the server side. They say that the request is correct and meets all the requirements of the server, but at the moment the server cannot process it. Usually, an explanation of the error is displayed with the code...

*[Due to forum character limit, see full text in the blog: https://llhost-inc.eu/en/blog/HTTP-error-codes]*

...This is such an impressive list. But those are just standard errors! Experimental or draft are not included to the list. Experience has proven that errors 403, 404, 504 are the most common. They are easy to remember. In other cases, you can always turn to the LLHOST INC. blog, which replenishes your “knowledge bank” weekly.

But that's not all the benefits! Until November 11, 2022, a promo code #httpcodes is valid for all virtual and VPN servers of LLHOST INC. This means that any virtual server (OVS) or VPN server (PVS) plan can be purchased at a -12% discount for 3 months with a monthly billing cycle. And let the errors you meet as little as possible!